My experience is that the elements of C is a function of the mapping procedure the mapping procedure. I can imagine a model which as a special case includes evey possible mapping procedure. But I cannot conceive of a model that is independent of the mapping procedure. Please give me an example of one.

I understood that.



Do you claim that C contains enough information to say with certainty that the path contained a double, because we are 100% sure from an external relationship that it does. You have already said that all results are probablistic. So I know the answer.

Certainty seems different than probalistic.